Power goes to teachers students and discipline Essay Example For Students

Force goes to instructors understudies and control Essay For in any event two decades discipline has been at or close to the highest priority on the rundown of open worries about our schools.1 Nor should this unexpected us; building up the blend of premonition, judgment, and poise that empowers (or maybe just comprises) discipline is a significant undertaking of adolescence. For whatever length of time that schools are places where part of a childs instruction happens, helping kids create order will be one of the issues that is, real errands that schools face. Be that as it may, when utilized in school-talk, discipline regularly is converted into terms of control and force, not improvement or training. Order is frequently, maybe normally, equivalent with homeroom the executives. This feeling of order as-control won't appear to be weird to any individual who has perused Michel Foucault, particularly his Discipline and Punish.2 On his view, when we start discussing the issue of order, we are truly getting some information about the force relationships3 that exist inside schools. In particular, we ought to solicit what structure from power4 we face, for power is multi-faceted. Foucault dissects two types of intensity in detail: sovereign and disciplinary. So let us inspect one by one. As Foucault portrays in the initial segment of Discipline and Punish, sovereign force is that structure communicated in unmistakable manners through specific and recognizable people. The hubs of this type of intensity are the ruler, the sovereign, and the specialists thereof. These people are noticeable operators of intensity, known by others and without anyone else to be such. Sovereign force is additionally epitomized by the irregularity with which it is worked out. It surveys charges, implements the law by demanding punishments for infringement thereof, brings armed forces up in time of war, etc. Be that as it may, every one of these situations where sovereign force flexes is discrete; it acts in light of a specific situation and through a particular and recognizable specialist or set of operators. At the point when sovereign force works, we realize that we have been followed up on, in what ways, and by whom. The supplement to this is the understanding that the majority of ones life is outside the ability to control of the sovereign. It is progressively hard to learn the exact idea of disciplinary force since one of its distinctive highlights is the quickness and delicacy with which it acts, along these lines rendering it generously less obvious than sovereign force. Quickly, we can state three contrasts: (1) sovereign force works through explicit obvious specialists; disciplinary force is diffuse in its activity, originating from all over the place and following up on everybody; (2) due to its perceivability, sovereign force is defenseless to opposition, while disciplinary force, imperceptible and all-unavoidable, is hard to find, and in this manner hard to oppose; and (3) while sovereign force influences just a little part of a people life, disciplinary force influences basically all parts of living, exposing everybody to the chance of reconnaissance consistently. Above all else, the disciplinary society controls not through the immediate use of intensity by the sovereign or his operator, however through an indifferent and imperceptible look. The productivity of disciplinary force is firmly identified with its intangibility contrasted and the noticeable sovereign. For disciplinary capacity to be viable, it is the subject, not the force, which must be seen. This relationship of perceivability and imperceptibility is equal; for the subject to be taught, it must be noticeable, at any rate possibly, to the disciplinary look, and realize that itself generally will be; simultaneously, the look should really be undetectable with the goal that it is compelling in any event, when it isn't really turned on a person. Its totalizing power lies correctly in its all inclusive probability, joined with the difficulty of undeniable nature. The subsequent bit of leeway picked up when the predominant type of intensity moved from sovereign to disciplinary outcomes from the key components of its viability: softness, speed, and nuance, which result in invisibility.5 This imperceptibility of disciplinary force makes opposition and additionally rebel against it significantly more uncertain and more troublesome than was the situation with sovereign force. This is just on the grounds that there is no single or noticeable locus of disciplinary force against which to coordinate ones opposition; disciplinary force is essentially everywhere.6 In one sense, this may appear to make obstruction simpler there are such a large number of chances to stand up to. .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 , .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 .postImageUrl , .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 , .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673:hover , .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673:visited , .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673:active { border:0!important; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673:active , .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d 612f673 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua5ece038e14dd1925cc551d2d612f673:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Objections to the primary definition of Kant's Cate Essay But power .

US Army essays

US Army articles In 1829, Andrew Jackson established a law that constrained all Indians to move west to land that was saved for them. Before the Indians chose their new land, progressively white pioneers moved in and looked for gold. They removed land put in a safe spot for the Indians. The whites again moved westbound to California, and by and by, the legislature took land, which it had given to the Indians, and called it Manifest Destiny. In 1877, Chief Joseph picked among harmony and war with the white man, and he changed the eventual fate of his kin everlastingly, when he picked war. During the war, the white men proceeded with their improper follows up on the Indians. The U.S. Armed force occupied with interminable butcher and slaughters dependent on falsehoods and misdirections. Alongside their motivations for war, these reasons made the U.S. Armed force blameworthy of gross cruelty towards the Indians in their long and expensive war. The U.S. Armys purposes when they did battle were not simply, in light of the fact that all that brought them into war was their insatiability for more land. At the point when the whites arrived in America, the Indians took them in, gave them land, and showed them the abilities they expected to get by in the new world. This, obviously, was taken as an indication of shortcoming (Wounded Knee 1) and the Indians were asked to leave for good West. The white pioneers exploited the Indians graciousness and assumed control over their regions. An ever increasing number of individuals were transported over the Atlantic. To prepare for them, they took over land that used to have a place with the Indians. The Indians endeavored to spare their clans from annihilation by assaulting many white settlements that had initially had a place with them. The Indians assaulted fifty-two settlements, totally decimating twelve of them. (Injured Knee 4) This was taken as an indication of war by the new pilgri ms, so they fought back in an a lot more grounded exertion. The U.S. Armed force took the Indians to war to satisfy their own voracity and assumed control over the land they guaranteed... <!

Finding Trans Authors In Your Favorite Genre

Finding Trans Authors In Your Favorite Genre This post originally ran May 24th, 2016. When I first tell someone that I write about books by trans people, I often get the reply that they would just  loooove  to bring trans authors into their reading life  but they just dont like reading memoirs. This is when I eat my fist to stop from yelling at the poor person. I suppose it isnt their fault  that memoirs have been the primary way for trans people to be published by any of the big publishing houses  and have therefore saturated the market of easily accessible books by trans authors, but Im consistently frustrated by the assumption that the list of trans authors is limited to Janet Mock, Jennifer Finney Boyan, and Julia Serano. If you are truly interested in bringing trans writers onto your reading list, a simple Google search for trans writers brings up a wide ocean of trans writers who are writing books that  arent  memoirs. (Not that Im knocking on memoirs: its the perception that trans authors only write memoirs that I knock.) Rather than sitting here gnashing my teeth and wailing about the over focus on trans memoirs, Ive put together a brief list to help readers find trans authors in the genres that they prefer. I want to be utterly clear on the point that this list is not at all a definitive list of trans authors but should rather be treated as a brief overview to help represent the astounding variety of work being done by trans authors (Its almost as if were a diverse and varied group of folks and not a single monolithic identity. Imagine that.). If theres someone who you want people to know of, I hope youll leave a comment below with their name. In creating this list Ive tried to draw in a variety of authors of different  levels of awareness in the public eye. The keen-eyed reader will notice that some authors appear  in multiple genre categories. This is just my attempt to represent the diversity that can exist within a single authors work. In order to keep the list short and readable I made the arbitrary choices to  only include writers who have published stand alone texts and have excluded academic or similar nonfiction. For simplicity in the list Ive linked the authors name to their website  and then included one of the books that fits into that particular genre. Childrens, Middle Grade, and Young Adult Fiction S. Bear Bergman  The Adventures of Tulip, Birthday Wish Fairy  This picture book introduces young readers to the world of Wish Fairies and transgender children with humor and kindness. Alex Gino    George  A sweet book for middle grade readers about Melissas quest to play Charlotte in her class production of  Charlottes Web  and to tell the world who she is. Meredith Russo    If I Was Your Girl  Amanda navigates the worlds of dating, friendship, prom, and family as a teenage trans woman in rural Tennessee. Rachel Eliason    The Best Boy Ever Made  Alecias world is turned upside down when she finds out that the boy she loves is a trans boy. Sassafras Lowrey    Roving Pack  Its the early 2000s and teenage Click lives in the world of punks, nonbinary genders, parties, and experiencing life. Personal and Literary Essays Incomplete Short Stories and Essays by Jamie Berrout Jamie Berrout    Incomplete Short Stories and  Essays  Berrouts essays dig deep into contemporary writing by trans authors and look to the future. S. Bear Bergman  Blood, Marriage, Wine, Glitter  In this collection Bergman talks about his experiences  with family and what that word can mean. Rae Spoon  and  Ivan E. Coyote    Gender Failure  Noted performers and artists Spoon and Coyote discuss what it means to them to be gender failures and how ultimately the gender binary fails us all. Short Stories God Loves Hair by Vivek Shraya Vivek Shraya    God Loves Hair  An early collection of Shrayas stories that draw from her own experiences to tell stories of diversity and life. Casey Plett    A Safe Girl to Love  These stories range from American cities to Canadian prairies while sharing the characters hard truths and joys. Jamie Berrout    Incomplete Short Stories and Essays  The fiction in this collection take on a range of themes and forms that explores oppression, literature, and life as a trans woman of color. General Fiction Sassafras Lowrey    Lost Boi  This take on  Peter Pan  transposes the story into punk houses and the various worlds of BDSM. Ryka Aoki    He Mele A Hilo: A Hilo Song  In Aokis Hawaii conversations about identity, religion, music, and love all come together as a mysterious entity moves to town. Jamie Berrout    Otros Valles  A novel  drawing  from literary fiction, memoir, and science fiction to tell the story  of a non-binary trans Latina lesbian looking for community and family in the Deep South. Rae Spoon    First Spring Grass Fire  This slim coming of age story tells a life of survival, Conservative Christian dogma, and gender. Vivek Shraya    She of the Mountains  With roots in Hindu mythology Shrayas illustrated novel explores the relationship of body and self and how  we experience cultural expectations of gender and sexuality. Sybil Lamb    Ive Got a Time Bomb  A traumatic head injury complicates Sybil’s surreal journey through cities  of trans women, sex, and drugs. Honestly I’m not even sure how to begin describing this book. Imogen Binnie    Nevada   A modern on-the-road story about Maria Griffiths, your typical fuck-up trans girl in Brooklyn who steals her girlfriends car to drive across America with a whole bunch of drugs. Jeanne Thornton    The Dream of Doctor Bantam This love story follows tough seventeen-year-old Julie Thatch as she falls for a woman who belongs to a strange cult. Speculative, Sci-Fi, and Fantasy Fiction Brew by Dane Figueroa Edidi Dane Figueroa Edidi    Brew  Arjana’s life is Baltimore is complicated enough already with high school, being trans, and witchcraft, but things get even stranger as her powerful mother is threatened by dark forces. Jan Morris    Hav A fictional travelogue exploring the strange and ancient Mediterranean city of Hav. R.J. Eliason    Bear Naked Amanda lives in a world of neo-paganism and Renaissance faires but what happens when her boyfriend might be a werewolf? Travel Writing Jan Morris    The World: Life and Travel 1950-2000 Half a century of Jan Morris’ celebrated and beloved non-fiction is now collected into one volume that travels from the handover of Hong Kong to the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Israel. Memoir Cooking in Heels by Ceyenne Doroshow Jan Morris    Conundrum Morris’ memoir is the story of one trans woman’s experiences coming out and transitioning in the early 1970s. Ceyenne Doroshow    Cooking in Heels: A Memoir Cookbook Doroshow weaves together tales of family with her own recipes. Poetry Tyler Vile  Never Coming Home This novel in verse tells a story of life, family, and disability, against the backdrop of a never finished mansion. Charles Theonia    Which One is the Bridge Brief stories of avoiding cops, building a home, falling in love, and living in modern day Brooklyn. Lilith Latini    Improvise, Girl, Improvise These sharp and clever poems introduce a range of trans women characters. Ryka Aoki    Why Dust Shall Never Settle On My Soul At turns funny and ruthless as Aoki explores experiences of loss. Jamie Berrout    Desire and the Scent of Guava Berrout’s collection looks back at her experiences with love and intimacy as a trans woman of color entering into a relationship. Make Love to Rage by Robyn Morgan Collado Morgan Robyn Collado    Make Love to Rage This collection carries the reader through the rage of injustice to the soothing end of love. b. binaohan  i just want freedom Short prose-poems and epigrams on liberation. Vivek Shraya    even this page is white Shraya’s debut collection takes on the difficult topic of race and its various intersections with queerness, art, desire, and more. Trish Salah    Wanting in Arabic Salah looks back for a home she never knew and asks questions of sexual desire and identity. Cam Awkward Rich    Transit These poems push us through Rich’s memories and past. Sara June Woods    Wolf Doctors Surreal stories of transmutation and lovers.

Max Weber s Theory Of Social Stratification - 1836 Words

Introduction The growing inequalities in our society and individual’s motivation to work can be explained through different theoretical perspectives. This essay seeks to examine two theories, the functionalist perspective of social stratification and Max Weber’s perspective of rationalisation and life chances. The functionalist theory, in particular the discussions of different rewards system in our society and moral evaluations are applied in this paper, to explain people’s drives to work. Weber’s theory of social stratification, that of rationalisation and life chances is examined. In the first section of the paper, the differences and similarities of these theories’ understanding of people’s motivation to work are discussed. This will†¦show more content†¦247). For example, the rewards are higher for profession such as data analysts, as it demands further education and training to gain the appropriate technical knowledge compared to jobs that do not require this knowledge, such as bricklayers. These incentives of rewards provide an explanation for people’s decision to pursue higher education and engage in rigorous training for particular jobs in the contemporary’s society. Weber’s rationalisation analysis While the functionalist perspective explains the involvement of certain individuals to work in higher ranked job positions, the analysis of rationalisation contended by Weber may provide a more general explanation to people’s motivation to work. According to Weber, work under the capitalist society has resulted in the separation of people from the means of production, which lead to workers’ realisation of economic rationality (Wright 2002, p. 837). This economic rationality may result in people’s motivation to work as they calculate their economic gains through the position of being employed, regardless of the type of work. The decision to work is associated with individuals’ rationale, as people do so in order to provide means of income and fund their way of living. Additionally, the motivation of work according to Weber lies in the self-interest of economic advantage (Wright 2002, p. 840), which can be achieved thr ough theShow MoreRelatedMax Weber s Theories About Status And Social Stratification1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthe social context of its’ origination, this paper will consider baseball in the context of Max Weber’s theories about status and social stratification. Although his theories are seemingly similar to Karl Marx, their theories are essentially different. Marx primarily believes that economics and class are distinguishing factors of society; whereas, Weber believes that status and social stratification are the distinguishing factors of society. When applying a sociological perspective of Max WeberRead MoreMarx, Max Weber And Emile Durkheim948 Words   |  4 PagesIn assessment of sociological theory it is imperative to our understanding of social theory that we analyze the ideologies of some prominent theorists such as Karl Marx, Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. Karl Marx’s philosophical ideals on society and class division are impactful in shaping our understanding of society. Inequality and social division is at the heart of Marx’s theory of society. Marx’s theorized that society is the history of class struggles. To him the fundamentally factor determiningRead MoreMax Weber s Theory Of Power897 Words   |  4 PagesBACKGROUND OF MAX WEBER Max Weber was German sociologist, who an intellectual who†¦ CONCEPT OF POWER The concept of power is not something that can be easily defined, as there have been recent outpourings of case studies on community power. Sociological researchers have consistently discovered that power is highly centralized, while political science scholars have also regularly concluded that in their communities, power is widely diffused (P. Bachrach and M. Baratz, 1962, pg. 947). Bachrach andRead MoreSocial Stratification in Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Max Webers Class, Status and Party474 Words   |  2 PagesSocial Stratification in Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Max Webers Class, Status and Party Social stratification is the ranking of members of society in a way that some of its members are regarded as superior and others as inferior. This theory is certainly debated in present time and was debated as far back as 1776 when Karl Marx presented his theory in his Manifesto of the Communist Party. In the 1880s, Max Weber combatted that document in his ownRead MoreMarxist Theory And Social Class1238 Words   |  5 Pagessocieties, there is a social division due to stratification and classes. Strydom (2005) defines social class as group of individuals that share similarities like power and prestige. Saunders (2001) states that stratification is the presence of distinct social groups which are ranked. Therefore, the major difference is that stratification shows diversity while social classes defines an inequality. In Marxist theories, society is divided between two classes, and social stratification is the conflict betweenRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1174 Words   |  5 Pagessociology has always focused on examining the many factors that compose society and the myriad of ways in which it functions. Karl Marx along with Émile Durkheim and Max Weber were the pioneers that are credited as being the founders of classical sociology. They were the first ones to thoroughly examine the complexities of society and create theo ries for them. The theoretical frameworks and research methodologies created by these sociologists were products of the enlightenment and are still studied and widelyRead MoreContemporary Theory: Stratification Essay examples1245 Words   |  5 PagesA major concern of modern-day theory would be the impacts of stratification within society. Social stratification is defined as the â€Å"hierarchical or vertical division of society according to rank, caste, or class† (Dictionary.com 2014). Social stratification can be operationally defined â€Å"as the systematically unequal distribution of power, wealth, and status (Bowles 2013; Kerbo 2000). Stratification sets up that all known societies past and present â€Å"distribute its scarce and demanded goods and servicesRead MoreIncome Inequality : The Perspectives Of Marx And Weber Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesand Weber In the United States, income inequality is drawing more and more attention from the media, sociologists, politicians, and everyday citizens like us since the economic difference during the past decades became more pronounced than before. Karl Marx and Max Weber both discussed their ideas of social inequality and addressed the relationship between inequality and social structure as an important theme in their work. This paper compares and contrasts the approaches of Marx and Weber to theRead MoreSocial Reproduction Theory And The American Education System1224 Words   |  5 Pages Social reproduction theory is important and relevant to society because it challenges an institution that we have been socialized to honor and protect. In America, we believe that we have equal opportunities to succeed by educating ourselves in the school system. However, our social class and identity dictate how much access we have to those very opportunities that can lead to success. By examining this th eory of social reproduction, we can further understand the roles that culture and social classRead MoreSocial Statification Summary995 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Social Stratification Summary Social stratification is the division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige. It applies to both nations and to people within a nation, society, or other group. Social stratification affects all of one s life chances from the access to material processions to their position in society to their life expectancy. Although they may differ as to which system of social stratification they employ, all societies stratify

Why Negotiations Occur Within An Organization - 1124 Words

Introduction This research paper pursues two aims. First is to illustrate why negotiations occur within an organization. This will be done through examining the dimensionality of negotiation and dispute resolution. Second is to address some of the challenges of negotiating. Included as a part of this, is an analysis of the different tones and styles to adopt when negotiating, which may aid towards overcoming these challenges. The main aim of this research is to outline the issues and broadly develop the argument and evidence in support of each party’s position towards trying to achieve a win-win solution. Abstract Negotiation occurs as a resolution process towards managing conflict effectively and efficiently within an organization.†¦show more content†¦First type of employment contract Conflict may also bear as a result of the very nature of the work organization, a battle of ideas that takes place where implications may occur. This perspective is relevant to a debate surrounding the promotion of the ‘psychological contract,’ which is seen as the ‘perception of the two parties, employee and employer, of what their mutual obligations are towards each other’ (Guest, D. and Conway, N.). The psychological contract consists of the expectations that employees have with their employing organizations. The implications of this are implicit. The complexity of this contract leaves room for misinterpretations, however, ensuring that the terms and conditions have been made clear through open and honest discussions with mutual expectations and obligations will limit the conflict. Second type of employment contract The other type of contract, the employment relationship, Kevin Kelloway explains as, ‘a form of work that is performed under contractual arrangements that involves material rewards’ (Kelloway, K.). This allows for a level of managerial control towards forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Entering into an employment relations, the employer ‘buys the employees capabilities to work,’ known as, labour power, this takes the notion of Marx’s formulation. Whereby he developed the theory that

Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang Free Essays

string(223) " be lazy in a fact where if one topographic point is non clearly pictured in their head, they find it troublesome to acquire to that topographic point, therefore they would be given to non travel to that topographic point\." From Kuching, Sarawak, Ar. Phillip Chang is a good known designer for its singularity. He has been practising in his house United Consultant located in East Malaysia, ( Kuching, Sarawak ) for many old ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang or any similar topic only for you Order Now His primary and secondary school has been done one of the celebrated missional school in Kuching which is ST. THOMAS’ male child junior and high school. After completing high school 2 old ages before than normal Malayan pupils, he acquire the chance to analyze at Australia for 2 old ages and finish 2 old ages of Australian high school. This is chiefly because he went to school before than other Malaysians, at the age of 5 alternatively of age of 7 which is the normal age to get down schooling. This is besides the chief ground he was able to hold the pick of class in NSW Matriculation Certificate. His instruction in the Sydney Boys High was funded by the Government at that clip. Mr. Phillip started to detect his involvement and endowment in art, pulling and originative chases during his high school instruction. He joined a few art competitions and about monopoly the competition in his class. This started to light the fire within himself of passion and endowment in art where it’s lead him to prosecute architecture. Before that his initial program was to take technology class nevertheless he opt for Architecture due to the ground that he wanted to be different from other top Asiatic pupils in Sydney whereby they all taking for technology class. Even though his determination to take architecture class might non be the finding to be an designer but it is the impulse to be different from his equals who went for technology class. It turned out that he ne’er regretted that determination. This been said, it do impact a individual believing based on what they experience. Before even stepping into Architecture, Mr.Phillip has been a smart pupil and at the same clip being an artistic pupil, and he take to travel for the more artistic way in his ain manner of construing the theory of â€Å"ARTISTIC† which how such â€Å"END USER† react to such â€Å"SPACE† . He has developed this idea of himself when he started to graduated from Malayan high school and complete it at the NSW Matriculation, at Sydney Boys High. He tends to be more optimistic in between both different civilization of both different state. Analyzing Architecture in Sydney University during Mr.Phillip’s yearss were non an easy undertaking. It was hard and ambitious as during those yearss, the architecture pupil had to take 14 topics and they had to go through each and every topic or else were being forced to reiterate the whole semester once more. During his 2nd twelvemonth, things tend to turned into his worst incubus as he took 18 compulsory topic and it was a tough clip for Mr.Phillip. At the same clip, he was active in pupil political relations, particularly among the abroad pupil and this really took a batch of his focal point and concentration from his surveies, but he was smart. He started to work smart and intermix in with the society. Sing wad is the result of this class, why is it being so tough for Asiatic pupils to corp up to the international criterion. He was presuming and researching all those stuff boulder clay he found that different reactions leads to different human behaviour. This course of st udy was being design for the international pupil and you, as an Asiatic, your cognition is much shallow but there’s something particular about Asiatic, Asiatic works harder in to accomplish something which they pursue. This is when he get down to acquire interested in human behaviour and had use them as one of the chief foundation of his design. Basically his Architecture life during university was rather alone to state from others, he dint studied much on planing, but he study more on building and more proficient side of architecture. He studied psychological science during his university clip besides. This is why he has ever this aureate regulation, built for the terminal user would appreciate and non for the aesthetic value for public to appreciate. Mr. Philip has ever live up to the motive of understanding the site context and human behaviour A ; reaction is his chief key of design. By making so, he study the bulk human reaction towards a park. As Malayan China friendly relationship park was built in a surrounding of a residential context and confronting the chief route, Mr. Philip Chang took this chance to make a unstable circulation towards the way base of what he had observe on environing user. Therefore, two chief entryway was built to carry through the common behaviour of the environing user. The west site of the entryway, ( CHINA GATEWAY ) was placed at that place on the X Axis because of the surrounding of residential context. The community in Kuching, Sarawak prefer walking to a topographic point if its in the radius of a walking distance of 15 – 20 proceedingss. This shows that Mr. Phillip full fill the normal human behaviour of Kuching ; s Community as the West entryway is the most appropriate for walking dist ance travel. This are the importance of understanding the user demands and behaviour, the terminal user particular has ever play a large function in your design. One designer do non plan based on their premise, but one designer design based on the theory they produce from research. As for the north site of the entryway, ( MALAYSIAN GATEWAY ) , is another chief entryway which confronting the chief route. Traveling back to the normal human behaviour of Kuching’s community, if they were to go by vehicle to one topographic point, it should be seen clearly from far. This enable them to place the topographic point they heading to and at the same clip, Kuching’s community tends to be lazy in a fact where if one topographic point is non clearly pictured in their head, they find it troublesome to acquire to that topographic point, therefore they would be given to non travel to that topographic point. You read "Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang" in category "Essay exam ples" The scheme of this is to make a chief entryway confronting the chief route so mundane people base on ballss by and would detect this topographic point and ease up on happening their ways towards the topographic point. For climatic status, Mr.Phillip ever uses site context as the foundation of his design. One edifice does non merely landed on someplace like an UFO. It must ever intermix in with the site context and no base entirely by itself. This is to give the populace the vision and feelings of credence. For illustration the Malaysia China Friendship park. The site before was a abandon empty piece of land a little residential vicinity park being intersect by a minor route in between. This is the climatic status of the site, and as for the sun way, the China park would be exposed to inordinate sunshine during the afternoon and eventide which is when the peak hr of people coming in. This is normally the chief job of a site contextual design where in Malaysia, Sun plays a large factor impacting your site. It is because of the geometrical place Malaysia is at, which is under tropical clime. This in consequence, the tea marquee been built to shelter the user during afternoon, serve as a assemblage or meeting point where activities could keep during the afternoon. This is portion of a homocentric arrangement design where an axis of ten and y meet and make a homocentric infinite in the in-between moving like an vacuity to pull the user towards is, and it is moreover enhanced by the climatic factor which happens in Malaysia is the high exposure of sunshine and besides shelter from rain. The tea marquee been built in a manner that, there’s non much of an gaps and the roof were being design in a big overhand to shadow the user from sunshine. As for the other side, it is non extremely affected by he sunlight issues, but it is affected by the pollution from the chief route. Noise coming from the vehicle and air pollution is one of the chief factor. Landscaping and flora being done to cut down the air pollution, and it has been setback inwards to cut down the noise pollut ion, moving as a buffer zone in between the chief route and the park. The ground the marquee of the 7 cultural group being built in a really unfastened mode is because it does non exposed to inordinate sunshine, and it is located on the east side of the park. This once more blends in with the site context, because of it is located at Kuching Sarawak, the population are extremely from the ethnics group, so the terminal user would be attracted to this park. Socio – Culture has ever being one of the chief design theory of Mr. Philip. This friendly relationship park was being proposed to honor the relationship between China and Malaysia. The diagram above shows the harmoniousness of both civilization being unite into one component which being tied by the south China sea. The layout was built behind a strong theory of the Admiral Zheng He from China coming to Malaysia to offer friendly relationship and peace until today. This at the same clip creates an past experience ambiance to the user when they was on the site. It is one of the design theory where the terminal user could really appreciate more about the site and non merely blind sightly see the infinite without any consciousness of the site, for illustration the history, the intent, and etc. Basically, the West side of the park represent China, Admiral Zheng He comes from China and in order to acquire to Malaysia, he has to go through the south China sea which is the connexion between two state. So as you could see above, the Tea Pavilion strongly represent China with Chinese ain unique architecture which are the detailing on the decorations and oriental Chinese architecture. Like most of Chinese architecture civilization, one time the user enter, they would be greet by a broad unfastened infinite ( courtyard ) to stand for the magnificence of Chinese architecture. Follow up by the singularity of Chinese architecture which is the tea marquee. After Admiral Zheng He crosses the south China sea, he reached Malaysia and being greeted by the assorted civilization of Malaysia, which would be represent by the 13 provinces of Malaysia. Follow up by a Pavilion which represent the 7 cultural groups of Sarawak unite together as one to organize Sarawak, as this park was built in Ku ching, Sarawak. The whole theory behind this once more is the diverseness of civilization between China and Malaysia, and how different diverseness of civilization find peace within two wholly assorted civilization. The park symbolically re-pesent the theory of both state, and the architecture of both state strongly heighten as grounds of both civilization unites together as one. This is why socio-culture plays an of import portion as a theory where it does non merely affairs about how the terminal user would experience, but it is besides about the site context blending at the same clip creates an ambiance for the terminal user to see and this would be in consequence of the terminal user really knows more about the site, therefore he to the full understand the theory behind the whole design. The treatment was an architect design must non ever be merely aesthetically presentable but the thought and construct based on theory being produce by an designer must be able to back up the whole design. Do non plan for aesthetically ocular comfort for the populace and stop user, but design to intermix in with the populace and the terminal user. This conclude the decision of, every designer have their ain design based on their ain theory produced based on the research they did, but in order to hold that design proved is practical and success is non of import. The procedure of acquiring to the design, that is what matters most, because in the terminal of a twenty-four hours, one designer are planing for a community of public and end user. Architects occupation are non merely planing edifices and infinite, their day-to-day responsibility has ever been determining our female parent Earth and turn it into a better topographic point for humanity from past, towards the current and future to populate in. REFRENCES – Ivy Jong/Pertubuhan arkitek Malaysia ( 2011, September ) .Intersection.hypertext transfer protocol: //pamsc.org.my/wp-content/uploads/newsletter/PAMSC_NEWSLETTER_ISUE_4.pdf – Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia. ( n.d. ) .PAM directory.Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pamdirectory.my/profile_architect.aspx? id=288c982a-8c33-4e7d-8664-edfbb9b216ec How to cite Case Study of the Life of Ar. Phillip Chang, Free Case study samples

How does Mary Shelly create sympathy for the creature Essay Example For Students

How does Mary Shelly create sympathy for the creature? Essay In the beginning of the novel, the epistolary stage, we are initially brought to believe that Captain Walton and Victor Frankenstein are the two main protagonists, whereas Victors creation, the monster, is portrayed as a demon and a creature that deserves little sympathy. But, as the novel progresses we begin to develop an understanding with the monster and we realise he himself is worthy of much more and Victor and Walton quite the opposite. The novel opens, and effectively closes, with the narration of Walton on board his ship travelling to the harsh, gothic winter land of the North Pole, at that time unexplored and presumed dangerous by the civilized world. From this location we are also, in succession, given in depth accounts of both Victors and the monsters pasts including their quite harmonic upbringings and devastatingly tragic downfalls. Walton, as I mentioned before, is initially portrayed in his epistolary stage to be the conventional hero, brave, intelligent and passionate, I am practically industrious- painstaking- a workman to execute with perseverance and labour:- but besides this, there is a love for the marvelous, a belief in the marvelous, intertwined in all my projects, which hurries me out of the common pathways of men, even to the wild sea and unvisited regions I am about to explore. But as this character unfolds his true persona we realise his arrogance does not stretch to the levels of charisma but reveal him to be shallow, self-righteousness and extremely self- absorbed. Any sympathy for him could be granted in the realisation that he is ultimately a terribly lonely man. This though is all dashed away along with his protagonist figure as we learn that this loneliness is completely self-imposed and the result of egotism and snobbishness, I shall certainly find no friend on the Wide Ocean, nor even here in Archangel, among merchants and seamen. Frankenstein effectively begins and ends with the sometimes pretentiously grandiloquent language of Captain Robert Walton, Having conquered the violence of his feelings, he appeared to dispise himself for being the slave of passion; and quelling the dark tyranny of despair In the parts of the novel that Walton features in we are only ever given a first person description of him which actually to a degree emphasizes his arrogance and pompousness. If, for example, Walton was described in second person his portrayal could be exaggerated cruelly or kindly. This too though applies to a first person description; the difference though is that you can judge the self-righteousness of Walton just by the language he uses and the self detail he indulges into. He is truly pompous, self-absorbed and shallow, the exact reasons why he is not one of the protagonists. On page 18 he clearly claims, There is something at work in my soul which I do not understand. So this is merely an excuse to validate Waltons acts and in effect Frankensteins because they are doppelgangers of each other. This cannot though entirely justify their obsessive behaviour because, yes although they are young, passionate and ultimately nai ve, this still doesnt change the fact that they are both well educated human beings, ninety percent responsible for their acts and fully conscious of what they are doing to the people they abandon Upon discarding his own creation, acts on the levels of hypercriticism, having been cherished by his own creators; single-mindedness because he does not empathize with the monsters disability and is totally self-absorbed in the notion that he has formed. But this passion, or more accurately obsession for success seems strangely unjustified in that Walton feels that his behaviour is actually out of his control.. What is quite interesting about the two characters though is that they both, upon So arrogant as he is Walton cries out in his letters to his sister, the very stars themselves being witnesses and testimonies of my triumph and whilst formulating his experiment with the instruments of life

The Tragic Love Triangle Of Yonville Essays - Madame Bovary, Emma

The Tragic Love Triangle of Yonville Gustave Flubert's masterpiece, Madame Bovary, was first published in 1857. The novel shocked many of its readers and caused a chain reaction that spread through all of France and ultimately called for the prosecution of the author. Since that time however, Madame Bovary, has been recognized by literature critics as being the model for the present literary period, being the realistic novel period. It is now considered a novel of great worth and one which contains an important and moving plot. In addition, it provides a standard against which to compare the works of writers to follow. It is nearly impossible to truly understand modern European and American fiction without reading, Madame Bovary. Charles Bovary, the only son of a middle-class family, became a doctor and set up his practice in a rural village. He then married a women who was quite older then himself. He was unhappily married to her saying that "Her dresses barely hung on her bony frame", This coming right before her death. Upon his wife's death, Charles married an attractive young women named Emma Roualt, the daughter of one of his patients. Emma married Charles with overwhelming expectations. She thought marriage would be filled with three things, "bliss, passion, and ecstasy". Emma had a character that was 1) dissatisfied 2) adulterous and 3) free spending. For a while she was excited and pleased by her marriage, but overwhelmed by her new life, she quickly became dissatisfied. As a result of her dissatisfaction she became mentally ill. For the sake of her health the Bovary's moved to a new town, Yonville, where their daughter was born. Emma's unhappiness continued, and she began to have romantic feelings toward Leon, a young law clerk. After Leon left the town in order to attend law school. Emma's boredom and frustration became more intense after Leon left. She began to forget her role as a wife and mother. Charles tried many times to please but none of his efforts were successful, and she did not value or understand Charles' love for her. Finally Emma had an adulterous affair with Rodolphe, a local land owner. Upon realizing Emma's intentions of an affair with him he states that he is "Gasping for love", and this wins her heart over. Rodolphe then leaves for a period of six weeks and Emma then becomes seriously ill again. After her recovery, Rodolphe returns and the only explanation for his actions is "Absence makes the heart grow fonder". She then runs across Leon in Rowen and began to resume were they left off. In order to afford the trips to Rowen to see Leon and satisfy her own needs, Emma spent her husbands money freely and incurred many debts. She kept this secret from Charles and managed to obtain a Power of Attorney, so that she would have full control over their financial affairs. Eventually her unpaid bills went long overdue and judgment was obtained against the creditors. She owed a vast sum of money, and the sheriff's officers arrived to confiscate the family property. Emma tried frantically to raise the money and finally turning to Leon, but he was unable to help, nor was he willing. She even tried to get back Rodolphe, by saying "I stayed with you, because I couldn't tear myself away...", he would have no part of her anymore and unwilling to help. Out of shame and despair of herself, she poisons herself to die. Shortly afterwards, now a ruined and broken man, also died, leaving their daughter to a life of poverty.

Dieting Sleep Essay Example

Dieting Sleep Essay Example Dieting Sleep Paper Dieting Sleep Paper Sleep is a very important activity of the day. It is a time by which people get time to rest for their tiresome activities. Sleep, according from the article â€Å"Your Guide to Healthy Sleep†, it is a time when our body is resting, doing nothing while our brains stay active doing different actions on our body. Studies show that most organisms, especially human beings use sleep as a form of rest for the whole day activity. However, the amount of sleep needed b a person varies with others. Generally speaking, infants or new – born babies require about 16 to 18 hours since that is the time when their bodies are being prepared for the upcoming activities for their growths and developments. Researches also say that the time of sleep decreases as a person grows older. Say for example the average hours of sleep of an adult ranges from 6 to 8 hours depending on his or her activities every day. Many studies, like with MedicineNet, show some examples of the advantages of a good sleep. Let us first define what a good sleep is: it does not merely depend on the quantity of sleep that we get each day but also by the quality we got for the whole time we are sleeping. A cut or skip in our sleeping time may result in a bad, irritable, less energized and long day. Since we have not slept enough, the energies needed to perform our daily activities will not be restored accurately and adequately. Moreover, we may feel restless for the time that we will be working the next hours when we wake up for a cut or short sleep. On the other hand, sleeping in an abusive manner can actually cause us disadvantages, like obesity, heart failures, and some digestive disorders. Either we obtain lack or excess of our sleeping time, the disadvantages count and can really affect the way we will handle things in the future. Say for example, call center agents or technical sales representatives who use to obtain their sleep in a different time frame can have digestive disorders due to some adjustments in their diets. Obesity is also a side – effect of sleep due to metabolism and the same goes with diabetes. It is important that we could have a complete evaluation of our habits that we are able to improve the necessary and remove the unnecessary tasks thus enabling us to achieve a healthy body and mind all throughout the day. This paper will focus on adjusting the amount of sleep I should be having every day, the reasons behind them and the possible rewards I will get for achieving my goal: to have an adequate and good quality sleep in 5 days. I used to be†¦ In evaluating my activities for the past months, I realized that I am unconsciously doing a bad habit that leads me to getting a sleep during late night; that is because I am sleeping or taking a nap in the afternoon. Having so much sleep leads me to having a heavier body. I do not feel confident anymore with the calories I am saving in the afternoon, and it is a waste of resources that I get to bu new clothes for m additional size. Let’s do the dieting Since people are designed or are used to sleep at night, I have decided to control myself from taking a nap in the afternoon and just do some productive things instead. Talking to my grandmother or having a walk with m roommates can be a good outlet of this bad habit. Gaining insights from a well experiencing woman may be rewarding itself. Since I really love being with m grandmother, it will be a fun experience to have her ever afternoon to talk to, besides, serving her would be fulfilling for me. On the other hand, my roommate is a good example of a physically fit woman: good and healthy skin, with good eye sight and good body, I guess. I already had an arrangement with her to remind me of staying awake in the afternoon so that I will be forced to do something else or to have some sharing or fellowship in the afternoon. She happened to be a prayer partner, so it is a good opportunity for sharing our hopes and wishes for each other. In order for me to achieve a physically fit body, I think I should be sleeping for about 6 – 7 sleep in a day for the whole week or even those 5 weekdays. That will not be easy since I was used to sleeping in the afternoon, but forcing myself to sleep may be a good help: doing a 10 minute meditation or by simply putting away my computer before 11 PM (such a destruction for m goal). The test or change in this behavior must take place and become successful by the end of this semester. Rewarding still Even though it will be difficult at first, I am aware that having the adequate sleep will help me improve my physical attributes also enriching my self – esteem and thus making my interaction with other people worthwhile. The benefits of the attainment of the aim of this change in my behavior can help me have my passes to Florida. I shall be giving myself some break and that is to go shopping with my roommates in Florida. We may be meeting new friends there, and we may also gain a number of experiences that will add up to the fruit of my discipline. Good and healthy body can be obtained through discipline. Since we already know the things, habits and actions that will make us physically fit, it is up to us to take the steps in achieving those. Perhaps a healthy body can also be connected with the other aspects of our lives such as with our emotional, psychological, mental and spiritual beings. Having enough energy for the next day will help us become upright and on the go. References National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2007. Brain Basics:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Understanding Sleep. Retrieved 21 November 2008 from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm Your Guide to Healthy Sleep. In MedicineNet.Inc. Retrieved 21 November 2008  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from medicinenet.com/sleep/article.htm#tocb

Analysis of Mise En Scene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Mise En Scene - Essay Example This essay examines the mise-en-scene in this closing sequence. The closing sequence of Chinatown begins with Jack Gittes (Jack Nicholson) conversing with Evelyn Mulwray (Faye Dunaway). The two characters are featured in a medium close-up, with their bodies cut-off. While the film’s plot is highly complex and entangled, at its core it is a strong character piece. The minimalist mise-en-scene of this conversation, with the two characters featured alone in the foreground highlights the film’s strong character-centered nature. It’s also notable that Jack retains the bandage from earlier in the film, as this is symbolic of his ultimate fallibility in comparison to Mulwray almost angelic quality. This minimalist conversation scene cuts to a montage of shots of Chinatown. The city is depicted through neon lights that shine brightly in an all-dark background. The effect is powerful as the neon lights take on a sort of Las Vegas like feel where the outward brightness seems to conceal a sinister interior. The film’s nighttime setting further accentuates its neo-noir conventions. Indeed, this becomes a predominant thematic element as the final film sequence unravels. Not only is the scene shrouded entirely in darkness, but so are the characters. Only on brief occasions does director Polanski allow the street lights to shine on their faces. When Evelyn Mulwray appears she is also featured in black. The only character in white is Noah Cross. In these regards, the film’s mise-en-scene is playing with the noir notion of morality; the two protagonists are shrouded in black, and Cross, the antagonist, is featured in white. This leads the viewer to question the filmâ€℠¢s moral center and further destabilizes the viewer. This moral ambiguity is mirrored in the plot as Jack is handcuffed to the car even while attempting to reveal to the police that Cross is the murderer and villain. Ultimately, the

Project management is not just about the 'tools' we use it is as much Essay

Project management is not just about the 'tools' we use it is as much as anything about people - how they interact, how they - Essay Example Furthermore, I will discuss the project lifecycle and the different processes that go with it. And finally, the importance of people in the success of a project will be investigated before concluding. For a project to be successful, the project manager must understand the different characteristics of a project. A project has a start and end dates. It has dates that properly specify when the project activities will start and when it is going to end. It uses resources – time, money, people and equipment. And finally, a project has an outcome - whether it’s a new condominium, building, satellite or a new highway. ‘A project is considered successful if it delivers the outcome with an agreed quality, does not overrun its end date and remains within the budget (cost resources). Note however, that outcome, time and budget are interrelated, and during a project the project manager may need to do trade-offs between them’ (Singh). Say for instance, if you want the pr oject to be done more quickly, you have to pump in more money for additional resources like people, time and equipment. Because of the increasing competition in the business environment, organisations are forced to come-up with high quality products at a lower cost and in a shorter time. And that’s the reason why project management exists. Project management allows the project manager to plan and organise resources to achieve a specified outcome within the allotted timeframe. The techniques of project management allow the project manager to manage and anticipate risks in a structured manner. Through proper project management better utilisation of resources, shorter development time, reduced costs, interdepartmental cooperation and a better focus on results and quality is achieved. ‘A project has a lifecycle. It starts with the initiating process, then the planning, executing, controlling and monitoring and the last phase is closing’ (Singh). Throughout this lifec ycle people are employed to do the tasks. The workforce spells the success or failure of a project. But before a project starts, a project manager should be appointed. As a project manager, he must have the Project Charter or commercial contract to get the wheels spinning in motion. At the minimum, the Project Charter designates the person as the project manager with the authority to use resources to bring the project to completion. This is formally done by the project sponsor or main stakeholders. The charter provides a short description of the result, outcome, product or services to be produced by the project. It also refers to the commercial contract (if there is a formal contract) as the basis for initiating the project. During the initiating process, the project manager refines the project goals, reviews the expectations of all stakeholders and determines assumptions and risks in the project. This is also the time when he selects the people to form the project team. However, th ere are times when the project team has already been imposed. If that’s the case, the role of the project manager is to familiarise himself to their skills and understands their roles in the project. He should ask the project sponsor and main stakeholders to share with him any emails, letters, memos, project feasibility, meeting minutes, requirements or other documents related

The design of the mortar bomb

The design of the mortar bomb It is important to do studies on existing information regarding the design of the mortar bomb. This will help in giving a critical review about the subject in this study which is the ammunition for 81mm mortar. This chapter will discuss about the parts of the mortar bomb, types of 81mm mortar ammunition, ballistic of mortar, fragmentation of the bomb, aerodynamic forces and moment acting, bomb stability and software used for simulation. From the research, all information will be the guideline in developing this study. This chapter will also increase the understanding of this study in order to ensure success at the end of the second semester. 2.1.1 Background of Mortar Mortars started to be developed when tactical trench lines came into use in the World War I. The objective was to bring casualty into the enemy trenches. The early idea and complex design was the German mine launcher, Minenwerfer but the archetype of a mortar was the British Stokes design in 1915 which was a simple tube with a fixed firing pin at the bottom end, where a bomb was dropped and ignited to launch the bomb out from the barrel to the target. Basically, mortar is a stumpy tube designed to fire a projectile at an angle higher than 45 degrees but lower than 85 degrees so that it falls on the enemy territory. Figure 2.1 (a): Minenwerfer (www.landships.freeservers.com) Figure 2.1 (b): Stokes Mortar (www.landships.freeservers.com) 2.1.2 Types of Mortar There are no precise definitions in categorising the mortar. Therefore it is helpful to group them as light, medium or heavy. 2.1.2.1 Light Mortars Mortars of approximately 50 to 70mm size of calibre which are laid by hand meaning they have no baseplate or bipod and have very simple sighting systems. They are generally carried at platoon level. Figure 2.2: Light mortar (www.flamesofwar.com) 2.1.2.2 Medium Mortars All other conventional man portable mortars, with calibres sizing up to approximately 110mm. They are usually pooled in specialist support sections at company or battalion level. They have base plate, bipods, and sophisticated sighting system. Figure 2.3: Medium mortar (www.gosfordhobbies.com.au) 2.1.2.3 Heavy Mortars Mortars which are too heavy to be carried and which are therefore vehicle mounted or towed, although it should be noted that light and medium mortars are frequently vehicle mounted for tactical even though they may be man portable. Figure 2.4: Heavy mortar (www.missing-linx.com) 2.1.3 Mortar Ammunition It is the mortar bomb, a streamlined metal shell having stabilising vanes at the tail which is normally filled with explosives. The mortar bomb gained its thrust through the burning of an amount propelling charge placed in the tube. The size of mortar bomb varies depending on the inner diameter of the mortar. Mortar ammunition can be categorised depending on their fillings and purposed as: i. High Explosive (HE) is use for fragmentation and blast. It causes troop casualties and damage to light material. ii. Red Phosphorus (RP), White Phosphorus (WP) smoke. It is used to screen, signal, and act as an incendiary. iii. Illumination. Used to illuminate, signal, and mark. iv. Training Practice (TP). Training items are completely inert. Practice items may or may not contain explosive sections such as propellant charges or spotting charges. 2.2 Mortar Bomb Parts The construction of a mortar bomb is normally consists of fuze, casing with obturation baffles, cartridge and fin. Every part mentioned has different purpose on the bomb. Figure 2.5: A typical mortar bomb 2.2.1 Fuze The purpose of a fuze is to initiate a projectile when it strikes a target or at an appropriate point in its flight. It cannot be accidentally initiated in storage, transportation, or in the weapon when it is fired. Fuze used on mortar bomb is the nose fuze type, a simple percussion fuzes which function when the nose of the shell is crushed on impact with the target. This type of fuze is normally fitted to High explosives (HE) and white phosphorus smoke ammunition. Those used with HE shells often incorporate an optional delay setting which allows the projectile to penetrate the target before functioning. Figure 2.6: Projectiles with nose fuze (www.globalsecurity.org) 2.2.2 Casing The casing carries fillings which determine the purpose of the ammunition. For HE fillings, it is designed to provide maximum fragmentation during explosion when detonated by the fuze. The material used in governing the casing is normally forged steel and cast iron. Figure 2.7: Cut-section of the casing 2.2.3 Obturation The diameter of a mortar bomb must be less than that of the tube from which it is to be fired or otherwise it could not be loaded. For the bomb to drop straight to the bottom of the barrel without being supported on a cushion of air there must be a gap between the outer wall of the bomb and the inner wall of the tube. This gap is known as windage. Windage allows expanding propellant gases to flow past the bomb and vent into the atmosphere and thus lower the thrust of the bomb when it is launched. Obturation provides a close down to this gap. 2.2.3.1 Obturating Baffles To prevent the excessive loss of gas on firing is to machine series of baffles around the widest part of the casing. The baffles create turbulence in the windage gap between the bomb and the internal surface of the barrel, and thus prevent the gases from flowing freely upwards. Figure 2.8: Obturating baffles system (Cranfield Institute of Technology) 2.2.3.2 Obturating Ring One of the most significant advances in modern mortar bomb design was the invention of the plastic obturating ring, an expanding split ring sitting in a single groove in the bomb casing. This system provides excellent obturation. Figure 2.9: Obturating ring system (Cranfield Institute of Technology) 2.2.4 Cartridge Cartridge carries propellants. Upon firing, a pin strikes the primer at the base of the cartridge and ignites the propellant powder, which burns rapidly and generates expanding gases. The gases are forced down the length of the barrel, pushing the projectile in front of them and eventually out of the barrel. 2.2.4.1 Primary Cartridge The primary cartridge carries the initiating system and the first increment of the propelling charge. It fits into the central channel in the spigot of the tail section. When the propellant in the primary cartridge is ignited, the cartridge ruptures at point corresponding to the holes in the tail spigot. The flames which come from the tail spigot then ignite the augmenting cartridges, which are fitted around the tail of the bomb. 2.2.4.2 Augmenting Cartridge Most mortar bombs have augmenting cartridges which are ignited by the primary cartridge and which provide the full charge for achieving maximum range. For firing at shorter range, increments can be removed quickly and discarded. Figure 2.10: Primary and augmenting cartridge (Royal Ordnance) 2.2.5 Fin Fin provides stability to the projectile. Attached fin projectile does not need some sort of rifling bore to be launched since it does not require spinning in order to gain stability in flight. 2.3 Ballistic of Mortar Ballistic is characteristic for the motion of objects moving under their own momentum and the force of gravity. Mortars operate at low pressure compared to guns. It is possible to increase the pressure generated in the bore on firing but this requires a stronger, and heavier barrel and a bigger baseplate. Such solutions are possible for vehicle-mounted or towed equipments, but not for manportable mortars. All the work done by the expanding propellant gases in accelerating the bomb to its maximum velocity is achieved in the short distance travelled in the bore by the widest part of the bomb, which carries the obturating ring or baffles. After this part of the bomb has emerged from the muzzle the expanding gases continue to accelerate through the increasing gap into the atmosphere. In a typical mortar the distance travelled in the bore by the obturating part of the bomb is less then one meter. Any increase in this distance would produce a higher muzzle velocity and thus increased range, but this would be at the expense of portability. The muzzle velocity of typical 81-mm mortar bomb fired at maximum charged is around 300 m/s and this produces a maximum range in the region of 5000-6000 m. The tactical need for the infantry to engaged targets beyond this range is not so great as to outweigh the advantages of current weapon systems, with their portability, flexibility and speed into and out of action. Most mortar fire bomb at subsonic velocities and this avoids the ballistic complication of the transonic and supersonic zones. It is called subsonic if all the speeds considered are less than the speed of sound, transonic if speeds both below and above the speed of sound are present, supersonic when the flow speed is greater than the speed of sound. In the past the transonic zone presented a barrier through which mortar bomb could not fly without becoming catastrophically unstable, but this was largely the consequence of crude manufacture and assembly which resulted in asymmetric and inherently unstable ammunition. Modern mortar bomb are manufactured to close tolerance and they are thus more stable in flight an can be fired at supersonic velocities if greater ranges are required. Tampella long-barrelled 81-mm, 120-mm and 160-mm mortars fire bombs at muzzle velocities of up to 400 m/s. 2.4 Fragmentation The act of fragments scattering after the bomb is detonate. Fragmentation performance is controlled by fragment mass, fragment velocity and payload. 2.4.1 Fragment Mass Factors governing fragment mass are: i. material properties of the casing ii. thickness of casing wall iii. quantity of explosives iv. detonation velocity of explosives The material of the casing must be neither excessively ductile nor excessively brittle. 2.4.2 Fragment Velocity Factors governing fragment velocity are: i. Quantity of explosive inside casing ii. Energy of the explosives iii. Density of casing material To calculate fragment velocity, Gurney Formula is used: V = (2E) . [ (C/M) (1+C/2M) ] Where: V is the fragment velocity E is the Gurney explosives constant C is the mass of explosives per unit length M mass of casing per unit length Variations in the parameters would lead to a combination of fragment size and velocity which could be optimised for particular applications. In the case of mortar casing, the constraints imposed on the shape by aerodynamic considerations and on both shape and material choice by structural considerations will mitigate against an ideal fragmentation performance. 2.4.3 Payload It is usually desirable to carry the maximum high explosives payload to the target. Such considerations can therefore have a substantial effect on the design of extended range projectiles solutions may include using an extended length of ogive to reduce drag or use a sub-calibre round or to use base bleed. These solutions compromise the payload carrying capacity. 2.5 Aerodynamic Forces and Moment Acting On the Bomb The aerodynamic forces and moments which have measurable effect on a finned type projectile are the drag force, lift force, and pitching moment. Once the projectile leaves the muzzle, its trajectory is determined by many forces. Primarily, gravity exerts a constant pull on the body and acts through the centre of gravity which is determined by the distribution of weight throughout the body. Gravity always produces a uniform vertical acceleration of about 9.8 m/s2. Figure 2.11: Forces and moment during flight (Arrow Tech) 2.5.1 Centre of Gravity An unspin projectile must have its centre of gravity well forward so that it travels nose first. This governs the shape of the typical mortar bomb, which is wide at the nose and tapers toward the tail. The tail assembly must be as light as possible, and in modern designs this is achieved by making of lightweight aluminium alloy. If the bomb body is roughly cylindrical, as in a bomb used as a carrier for an ejecting payload such as smoke canisters or bomblets, the centre of gravity can be moved forward in relation to the overall length of the complete bomb by fitting a long tail boom. 2.5.2 Centre of Pressure The centre of pressure is the point at which wind forces exert no turning moment, and in any unspun projectile this point must be behind the centre of gravity. The lift generated by the fins of a mortar bomb provides a force the move the centre of pressure towards the rear, behind the centre of gravity. This generates a restoring moment that rotates the projectile through its centre of gravity towards the direction of its trajectory, thus progressively reducing yaw. 2.5.3 Drag Force Drag force opposes the forward velocity of the bomb. Drag forces act at the centre of pressure which is a function of the bodys shape and are in the opposite direction as the motion of the bomb. There are three types of drag force that apply, which are: i. Skin drag- friction on the outer surface as it moves through the air ii. Shape drag- caused by low pressure behind the body due to the flow of air around its shape. iii. Wave drag a loss of energy that is put into acoustic waves as the body passes through the air. Particularly strong near the speed of sound in air. Drag coefficient is mainly dependent on the shape of the bomb. In addition to this shape-related coefficient, the aerodynamic drag also depends on the frontal area of bomb, the air density, and the square of the relative air speed. The relationship between drag and these factors can be expressed by: Drag = Where: A is the frontal area is the density of the air is the speed of the bomb relative to the air 2.6 Stability of the Bomb Mortar bomb obtain stability through the use of fins located at the aft end of the bomb. Normally, six, eight, ten or twelve fins are employed. Additional stability is obtained by imparting some spin to the bomb by canting the leading edge of the fins. Fin-stabilized projectiles are very often sub-calibre. A sabot, wood or metal fitted around the projectile, is used to centre the projectile in the bore and provide a gas seal. Such projectiles vary from 10:1 to 15:1 in length-to-diameter ratio. Fin-stabilized projectiles are advantageous because they follow the trajectory very well at high-launch angles, and they can be designed with very low drag thereby increasing range and/or terminal velocity. However, fin-stabilized projectiles are disadvantageous because the extra length of the projectile must be accommodated and the payload volume is comparatively low in relation to the projectile length. For projectiles fired without spin or only with a small spin the stabilising influences mu st be created by aerodynamic forces. For the bomb to be stable, the center of pressure location is required to be behind the center of gravity location when measured from nose. 2.7 PRODAS Simulation software is very important in order to simulate data and to see the behaviour of the projectile. Utilisation of simulation software reduces the cost and the probability of failure for this study. In this study, simulation is the main method determining the projectile behaviour in term of ballistic theory generally, external ballistic theory specifically. PRODAS is produce by the Aero Tech, an Engineering Consulting business with a focus on the defence industry. This software is focuses in advance weapon design with the standard world integrated weapon design tool. Simulation tools provided by PRODAS are: i. Modelling Build a model from a drawing or even a picture. ii. Aerodynamics Compare aerodynamic coefficients from multiple aero estimators. iii. Launch Dynamics Interior ballistics, balloting and jump. iv. Trajectories Fly 4DOF, 6DOF and Body Fixed and Guided Trajectories. v. Terminal Effects Estimate penetration of KE projectiles and lethality of fragmenting or shaped charge warheads. 20

Deception Point Page 42

Gabrielle saw the door and headed for it. â€Å"On my desk by eight o'clock tonight, Gabrielle. Be smart.† Tench tossed her the folder of photographs on her way out. â€Å"Keep them, sweetie. We've got plenty more.† 48 Rachel Sexton felt a growing chill inside as she moved down the ice sheet into a deepening night. Disquieting images swirled in her mind-the meteorite, the phosphorescent plankton, the implications if Norah Mangor had made a mistake with the ice cores. A solid matrix of freshwater ice, Norah had argued, reminding them all that she had drilled cores all around the area as well as directly over the meteorite. If the glacier contained saltwater interstices filled with plankton, she would have seen them. Wouldn't she? Nonetheless, Rachel's intuition kept returning to the simplest solution. There are plankton frozen in this glacier. Ten minutes and four flares later, Rachel and the others were approximately 250 yards from the habisphere. Without warning, Norah stopped short. â€Å"This is the spot,† she said, sounding like a water-witch diviner who had mystically sensed the perfect spot to drill a well. Rachel turned and glanced up the slope behind them. The habisphere had long since disappeared into the dim, moonlit night, but the line of flares was clearly visible, the farthest one twinkling reassuringly like a faint star. The flares were in a perfectly straight line, like a carefully calculated runway. Rachel was impressed with Norah's skills. â€Å"Another reason we let the sled go first,† Norah called out when she saw Rachel admiring the line of flares. â€Å"The runners are straight. If we let gravity lead the sled and we don't interfere, we're guaranteed to travel in a straight line.† â€Å"Neat trick,† Tolland yelled. â€Å"Wish there were something like that for the open sea.† This IS the open sea, Rachel thought, picturing the ocean beneath them. For a split second, the most distant flame caught her attention. It had disappeared, as if the light had been blotted out by a passing form. A moment later, though, the light reappeared. Rachel felt a sudden uneasiness. â€Å"Norah,† she yelled over the wind, â€Å"did you say there were polar bears up here?† The glaciologist was preparing a final flare and either did not hear or was ignoring her. â€Å"Polar bears,† Tolland yelled, â€Å"eat seals. They only attack humans when we invade their space.† â€Å"But this is polar bear country, right?† Rachel could never remember which pole had bears and which had penguins. â€Å"Yeah,† Tolland shouted back. â€Å"Polar bears actually give the Arctic its name. Arktos is Greek for bear.† Terrific. Rachel gazed nervously into the dark. â€Å"Antarctica has no polar bears,† Tolland said. â€Å"So they call it Anti-arktos.† â€Å"Thanks, Mike,† Rachel yelled. â€Å"Enough talk of polar bears.† He laughed. â€Å"Right. Sorry.† Norah pressed a final flare into the snow. As before, the four of them were engulfed in a reddish glow, looking bloated in their black weather suits. Beyond the circle of light emanating from the flare, the rest of the world became totally invisible, a circular shroud of blackness engulfing them. As Rachel and the others looked on, Norah planted her feet and used careful overhand motions to reel the sled several yards back up the slope to where they were standing. Then, keeping the rope taut, she crouched and manually activated the sled's talon brakes-four angled spikes that dug into the ice to keep the sled stationary. That done, she stood up and brushed herself off, the rope around her waist falling slack. â€Å"All right,† Norah shouted. â€Å"Time to go to work.† The glaciologist circled to the downwind end of the sled and began unfastening the butterfly eyelets holding the protective canvas over the gear. Rachel, feeling like she had been a little hard on Norah, moved to help by unfastening the rear of the flap. â€Å"Jesus, NO!† Norah yelled, her head snapping up. â€Å"Don't ever do that!† Rachel recoiled, confused. â€Å"Never unfasten the upwind side!† Norah said. â€Å"You'll create a wind sock! This sled would have taken off like an umbrella in a wind tunnel!† Rachel backed off. â€Å"I'm sorry. I†¦ â€Å" She glared. â€Å"You and space boy shouldn't be out here.† None of us should, Rachel thought. Amateurs, Norah seethed, cursing the administrator's insistence on sending Corky and Sexton along. These clowns are going to get someone killed out here. The last thing Norah wanted right now was to play baby-sitter. â€Å"Mike,† she said, â€Å"I need help lifting the GPR off the sled.† Tolland helped her unpack the Ground Penetrating Radar and position it on the ice. The instrument looked like three miniature snowplow blades that had been affixed in parallel to an aluminum frame. The entire device was no more than a yard long and was connected by cables to a current attenuator and a marine battery on the sled. â€Å"That's radar?† Corky asked, yelling over the wind. Norah nodded in silence. Ground Penetrating Radar was far more equipped to see brine ice than PODS was. The GPR transmitter sent pulses of electromagnetic energy through the ice, and the pulses bounced differently off substances of differing crystal structure. Pure freshwater froze in a flat, shingled lattice. However, seawater froze in more of a meshed or forked lattice on account of its sodium content, causing the GPR pulses to bounce back erratically, greatly diminishing the number of reflections. Norah powered up the machine. â€Å"I'll be taking a kind of echo-location cross-sectional image of the ice sheet around the extraction pit,† she yelled. â€Å"The machine's internal software will render a cross section of the glacier and then print it out. Any sea ice will register as a shadow.† â€Å"Printout?† Tolland looked surprised. â€Å"You can print out here?† Norah pointed to a cable from the GPR leading to a device still protected under the canopy. â€Å"No choice but to print. Computer screens use too much valuable battery power, so field glaciologists print data to heat-transfer printers. Colors aren't brilliant, but laser toner clumps below neg twenty. Learned that the hard way in Alaska.† Norah asked everyone to stand on the downhill side of the GPR as she prepared to align the transmitter such that it would scan the area of the meteorite hole, almost three football fields away. But as Norah looked back through the night in the general direction from which they had come, she couldn't see a damn thing. â€Å"Mike, I need to align the GPR transmitter with the meteorite site, but this flare has me blinded. I'm going back up the slope just enough to get out of the light. I'll hold my arms in line with the flares, and you adjust the alignment on the GPR.† Tolland nodded, kneeling down beside the radar device. Norah stamped her crampons into the ice and leaned forward against the wind as she moved up the incline toward the habisphere. The katabatic today was much stronger than she'd imagined, and she sensed a storm coming in. It didn't matter. They would be done here in a matter of minutes. They'll see I'm right. Norah clomped twenty yards back toward the habisphere. She reached the edge of the darkness just as the belay rope went taut. Norah looked back up the glacier. As her eyes adjusted to the dark, the line of flares slowly came into view several degrees to her left. She shifted her position until she was perfectly lined up with them. Then she held her arms out like a compass, turning her body, indicating the exact vector. â€Å"I'm in line with them now!† she yelled. Tolland adjusted the GPR device and waved. â€Å"All set!†

Html Studyguide

The general syntax of a CSS style rule is selector { property1: value1; property2: value2; property3: value3; } Order in which style sheets are interpreted. The more specific style is applied instead of the more general. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Browser’s internal style sheet User-defined style sheet Author’s external style sheet Author’s embedded style sheet Author’s inline style sheet User-Defined Styles Almost all browsers allow users to modify the default settings of the internal style sheet. External Style SheetsTo link to an external style sheet use the following text directly above the closing head text tag: Embedded Style Sheets Styles are inserted directly within the head element of an HTML document using the style element: styles Or h1 {Color: red; Text-align: center;} The order in which external and embedded style sheets are processed depends on the order in which they are listed within the HTML file. In the below example the loads the external style sheet first and then the embedded SS. If the order were switched the imported SS gets processed after the embedded one. h1 {Color: red; Text-align: center;} Inline Styles Applied directly to specific elements using the style attribute: †¦ Importing Style Sheets To import a style sheet to a master style sheet use the @import statement BEFORE any other style rules: @import url(url); or for example @import url(sa_styles. css); Exploring the Style Cascade As a general rule of thumb, all other things being equal, the more specific style is applied instead of the more general . An additional factor in applying a style sheet is that properties are passed from a parent element to its children in a process known as style inheritance. body {color: blue;} h1 {text-align: center;} If you need browsers to enforce a style, you can append the ! important keyword to the style property, using the syntax: property: value ! mportant; Defining Color in CSS A color value is a numerical expression that describes the properties of a color CSS represents these intensities mathematically as a set of numbers called an RGB triplet, which has the format color: rgb(red, green, blue); color:#redgreenblue ; background-color: color; color: color; or or or or color: rgb(255,255,0); color:#FFFF00; background-color: rgb(255,255,0); or color:#FFFF00; or color:white; CSS also allows RGB values to be entered as hexadecimal numbers To set th e background color of an element, use the below property where color is a color name or a color value. To set the foreground or text color of an element, use the following property: color: rgb(255,255,0); or or CSS3 also supports the Hue Saturation Lightness (HSL) model that describes colors based on hue, saturation, and lightness hsl(hue, saturation, lightness) rgba(red, green, blue, opacity) hsl(360, 100%, 100%) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0. 8) hsla(360, 100%, 100%, 0. 2) CSS3 also allows page designers to augment RGB and HSL color with opacity where 0 = completely transparent and 1 = completely opaque. hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, opacity) or Selectors and Text Styles Web pages are structured documents in which elements are nested within other elements, forming a hierarchy of elements. To create styles that take advantage of this tree structure, CSS allows you to create contextual selectors whose values represent the locations of elements within the hierarchy: 1) 2) 3) 4) Parent elements Child elements Sibling elements Descendant elements Contextual Selectors Attribute Selectors Selectors also can be defined based on attributes and attribute values associated with elements. Two attributes, id and class, are often key in targeting styles to a specific element or group of elements. Styling Web Page Text The default font used by most browsers is Times New Roman, but you can specify a different font for any page element using the property: font-family: fonts; or font-family: ‘Arial Black’, gadget, sans-serif; Setting Font Face and Sizes: Sizes can be relative or absolute. To define a font face, use the style property: font-family: fonts; font-size: size; letter-spacing: size; word-spacing: size; To specify the font style, use the below style where type is normal, italic, or oblique. ont-style: type; To specify the font weight, use the below format where type is normal, bold, bolder, light, lighter, or a font weight value. font-weight: type; To specify a text decoration, use the below format where type is none, underline, overline, or line-through. text-decoration: type; To transform text, use the below code where type is capitalize, uppercase, lowercase, or none. text-transform: type; To display a font variant of text, use the below format where type is normal or small-caps. ont-variant: type; You can combine most of the text and font styles into a single property using the shortcut font property font: font-style font-variant font-weight font-size/line-height font-family; Combining Text Format in a single style or or or font-family: ‘Arial Black’, gadget, sans-serif; font-size: 0. 5in; or font-size: 36pt; font-size: 0. 5in; or font-size: 3pc; or font-size: 1. 7em; To set a font size, use the below style property where size is a CSS unit of length in either relative or absolute units. To set kerning (the space between letters), use the following style property: To set tracking (the space between words), use the following style property: Designing a List To define the appearance of the list marker, use the style below where type is disc, circle, square, decimal, decimal-leading-zero, lower-roman, upper-roman, lower-alpha, upper-alpha, lower-greek, upper-greek, or none. list-style-type: type; To insert a graphic image as a list marker, use the style below where url is the URL of the graphic image file. ist-style-image: url(url); To set the position of list markers, use the style below where position is inside or outside. list-style-position: position; To define all of the list style properties in a single style, use the following style: list-style: type url(url) position; To set the indentation of a list, apply the style below where size is the length that the list should be indented. padding-left: size; Using Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements A pseudo-class is a c lassification of an element based on its current status, position, or use in the document selector:pseudo-class {styles;} Structural Psuedo Classes

Global Warming Essay - 1371 Words

Global Warming The most complicated issue facing world leaders today very well may be global warming. Over time, more and more warnings from the scientific community have come about. Some of them being the non-stop build up of human related greenhouse gases that are mainly produced by the burning of fossil fuels, economic, technological, and political issues. In late 2010, world-wide talks began and many agreements were made between many of the leaders of foreign countries, and an international process for dealing with this particular problem received many votes of confidence. Although this agreement wasn’t up to par with the variety of changes needed to avoid dangerous climate changes, it lays out a basic plan for stronger†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Since 1950, scientific evidence has shown that the earth’s climate has been warming.† (The New York Times.) The culprit of this is mainly because of the burning of fossil fuels and the burning of tropica l forests. This specific activity adds to the atmospheres hidden blanket of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that trap heat. Methane gas is in a very close second position to carbon dioxide in making an impact on the climate. Methane gas comes from landfills, livestock, and oil and gas facilities. Throughout the last several years, scientists have said that the rising human influence on climate has become more in-depth. Some changes in the earth’s temperature are unavoidable regardless of human activity for some reasons such as ocean cycles. But centuries of rising temperatures and sea water levels lie ahead of us if no action against it is taken. Although many scientific consensuses have been made, many important details remain unclear. Climate change will have many affects on people, plants, and animals. Many scientists are working everyday to better understand the future of climate change and how the effects will vary over time. Some observations made by scientists include a rise in the sea level, glacial shelves shrinking, changes in plants and animals, trees will bloom earlier in the spring, the growing season will be longer, it will takeShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Warming1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has become a well conversed topic among scientists and peoples in the world today. There are extremists who do everything possible to stop contributing to the warming, but the average person does little to alleviate the issue and in many cases refuses to acknowledge that there is a problem at all. 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